Neuro-Developmental

The aim of this paper is to review the pertinent clinical, diagnostic criteria, and multi-disciplinary management of FMD in the pediatric population. We highlight recent trends in pediatric FMD, including the increase in functional tic-like behaviors that has been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (FNSD is a common condition presenting in children and adolescents.

There is currently limited research available regarding effective treatment of pediatric FNSD. Despite this, almost all published research supports good prognosis for pediatric FNSD with all studies reporting improvement either in FNSD symptoms or in the quality of life and functioning of patients with FNSD. The most support was found for the use of cognitive behavioral therapy either as a stand-alone treatment or in the context of interdisciplinary treatment.

The online course discusses the Neuro-Developmental Treatment (NDT) Practice Model and its influences on the profession follow, along with specific examples of problem solving and decision making using commonly addressed activities and participation that physiotherapists (PTs) encounter.

Upon completing this online course, the reader will be able to do the following:

• Define who a physical therapist/physiotherapist (PT) is in terms of professional responsibilities and functional out- comes addressed in client management.

• List at least three skills NDT education enhances in the professional skills of PTs.

• Analyze a physical therapy outcome with a specific participation or activity of a client in the reader’s own practice using the NDT Practice Model.

Background: Future development in neurorehabilitation depends upon bringing together the endeavors of basic science and clinical practice. The Bobath concept is widely utilized in rehabilitation following stroke and other neurological conditions.

This concept was first developed in the 1950s, based on the neuroscience knowledge of those times.

Purpose: The theoretical basis of the Bobath concept is redefined based on contemporary neuroscience and rehabilitation science.  The framework utilized in the Bobath concept for the analysis of movement and movement dysfunction is described.

This framework focuses on postural control for task performance, the ability to move selectively, the ability to produce coordinated sequences of movement and vary movement patterns to fit a task, and the role of sensory input in motor behaviour and learning.

The article describes aspects of clinical practice that differentiate this approach from other models of practice. Contemporary practice in the Bobath concept utilizes a problem-solving approach to the individual's clinical presentation and personal goals.

Treatment is focused toward remediation, where possible, and guiding the individual towards efficient movement strategies for task performance.

Background: Neuro-Developmental Treatment (NDT) currently embraces evidence-based concepts of motor control, motor learning and neuroplasticity. However, most research has been performed on outdated models of NDT.

Objective: This case series examines the short- and long-term outcomes of a three-week intensive using contemporary NDT interventions.

Methods: Six children, 2?10 years old with neurologic disorders and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I-III participated in the intervention. The three-week intensive included 60 minutes of physical, occupational and speech therapy 3-5 times weekly.

Results: All children demonstrated Gross Motor Function Measure-66 gains of medium to large effect sizes. These gains were maintained or improved upon 3 months' post conclusion of the intensive intervention.

Conclusions: This study supports emerging research regarding the effectiveness of intensive intervention and further study of current NDT interventions.